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BASES OF EDUCATION

Hey Mumbai University FYBA IDOL students! Today, we will dive into the fundamental aspects of education, learning about -“BASES OF EDUCATION”. But don’t worry, we’re going to make this journey fun and interactive as we explore the philosophical, sociological, and psychological foundations of education. So, what exactly are we going to uncover today? Well, get ready because we have a jam-packed agenda of intriguing topics lined up!

First off, we’ll kick things off by exploring the concept of educational philosophy. Ever wondered what drives the way we teach and learn? We’ll break it down and even throw in an example to make it crystal clear. Next, we’ll delve into how the methods of teaching are deeply rooted in philosophical bases. Think of it like the roots of a tree shaping its branches and leaves. It’s all about understanding the why behind the how of teaching.

But wait, there’s more! We’ll also unravel the mysteries of educational sociology. Ever wondered how society influences the way we educate our future generations? We’ll uncover the characteristics of teaching methods influenced by sociological bases. Now, onto the mind-bending world of psychology! We’ll define what psychology is and explore its impact on education. From understanding the inner workings of a child’s mind to the role of the teacher as a guide, we’ll explore it all.

And speaking of teachers, we’ll dive into the role of the teacher in educational sociology. Hint: it’s more than just standing at the front of the class and delivering lectures! But let’s not forget the functions of education as a part of sociology. We’ll uncover three key functions that education serves within society, keeping in mind the ever-evolving context of the world we live in today.

Now, let’s put our knowledge to the test with some thought-provoking questions! From the etymological meaning of philosophy to understanding the functions of education according to different bases, we’ll see how well we’ve grasped the concepts we’ve covered. So, FYBA IDOL Mumbai University students, get ready to learn of –”BASES OF EDUCATION“ with customized idol notes  just for you. Let’s jump into this exploration together.

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QUESTION 1:- What do you understand by educational philosophy? Explain it with one example.

   Introduction: 

        Educational philosophy might sound like a complex term, but let’s break it down into simple pieces. It’s like the roadmap or guiding star that helps teachers and schools decide how they want to teach and what they want students to learn. Imagine it as the recipe for a delicious educational cake – the philosophy is the list of ingredients that make it tasty!

  1. What’s Educational Philosophy?:  So, what’s this big idea? Educational philosophy is like the recipe card for teachers. It tells them what ingredients (beliefs, values, and principles) to use when teaching. It’s the big plan that guides how lessons are taught and what students are supposed to learn.

     

  2. Philosophies in Action – Meet Progressivism!:  Now, let’s meet one philosophy called progressivism. Imagine it as the chef’s special ingredient. Progressivism believes in making learning hands-on and exciting. It says, “Hey, let’s make education all about students, and let’s make it useful for their lives!”        

  3. Student-Centered Learning: Progressivism puts students in the spotlight. It’s like saying, “You are the stars of the show!” In a progressivist classroom, the teacher is more like a guide, helping students explore topics in a way that makes sense to them. It’s like learning by doing, not just listening.

     

  4. Relevance to Students: Imagine learning about something that matters to you – that’s what progressivism is all about. It says, “Let’s make the topics interesting and useful for students, so they don’t feel like they’re studying just for the sake of it.”

     

  5. Teacher as a Guide: In a progressivist class, the teacher is not the boss; they’re the helper. It’s like having a friendly guide on a hike who helps you explore the path. Teachers in progressivist classrooms encourage questions, discussions, and hands-on activities.       

  6. Goals of Progressivism: What’s the goal of all this? Progressivism aims to prepare students for the big adventure called life. It wants students to be great thinkers, problem-solvers, and communicators. It’s like saying, “You’re not just here to memorize facts; you’re here to learn how to think and figure things out.”

  Conclusion:

        Educational philosophy is the secret sauce in the educational kitchen. It’s like having a clear plan to make sure students learn in a way that makes sense to them. Progressivism, one of these philosophies, believes in hands-on learning, putting students at the center, and preparing them not just for tests, but for the exciting journey of life. So, next time you step into a classroom, remember, there’s a philosophy behind the scenes making sure your educational cake is just right!

QUESTION 2 :- Explain, how methods of teaching on education are based on philosophical bases?

 Introduction:

     Ever thought about why teachers choose certain teaching methods? The secret lies in their educational philosophy – the guiding principles that shape their approach to teaching. Today, we’re breaking down the link between philosophy and teaching methods in simple terms.

  1. Exploring the Link: Educational philosophy is like the GPS for teaching. It answers questions like “What is knowledge?” “Why do we learn?” and “What’s the role of teachers and students?” These big ideas guide teachers, acting as a map for their journey. Teaching methods, then, are the tools they use along the way.
  2. Philosophy in Action – Examples:  Let’s delve into two examples. If your teacher leans towards progressivism, it means they’re all about hands-on, student-centered learning. It’s like saying, “Let’s figure this out together!” This philosophy leads to group projects, discussions, and interactive activities. On the other side, there’s essentialism. Teachers with this philosophy say, “Let’s master the basics.” Imagine a teacher leading the way, sharing knowledge through lectures, drills, and focused assessments.
  3. The Connection:  In a nutshell, the teaching methods aren’t random; they’re influenced by the teacher’s beliefs about education. The philosophy sets the direction, and the teaching methods are the tools that make learning happen.

  Conclusion:  

       So, next time you wonder why your teacher teaches a certain way, remember, it’s all rooted in their philosophy. Understanding this connection is like unlocking a piece of the education puzzle. Happy learning!

QUESTION 3 :- What is the meaning educational sociology?

 Introduction:

      Ever wondered how education and society dance together? That’s the curious realm of educational sociology! It’s like peeking behind the curtain to see how schools and the big world outside influence each other. Today, let’s unravel this concept in plain and simple terms.

  1. Understanding the Mix: Educational sociology is the detective of the education-society relationship. It’s on a mission to figure out how our schools and the way we learn are shaped by the world around us. Think of it as exploring how families, communities, cultures, and even social inequalities affect what happens in the classroom.
  2. Two-Way Street: But it’s not a one-sided story. Educational sociology also flips the coin and investigates how education throws its weight around in society. Ever heard of socialization? That’s how schools teach us not just math but also how to be good citizens. It also dives into social mobility – how education can be the ticket to climbing up the social ladder or sadly, how it sometimes maintains the gaps between different groups.
  3. Schools in Society’s Orchestra: Picture educational institutions as musicians in a grand orchestra of social institutions. They play a part in keeping things as they are or shaking them up. Educational sociology is our guide to understanding this symphony and how education either preserves or transforms our social structures.

  Conclusion:

        So, the next time you walk into a classroom, remember, it’s not just about books and tests. It’s a piece of the grand puzzle where education and society waltz together, and educational sociology is the key to decoding their elegant dance.

QUESTION 4 :- Explain, the characteristics of methods of teaching influenced by educational sociology

  Introduction: 

       Hey there, explorers of the education world! Today, we’re diving into the fascinating world where teaching methods and society do a little dance. It’s like having a backstage pass to see how social factors shake hands with the way we learn. Ready? Let’s unravel the characteristics of teaching methods influenced by our friend, educational sociology!

  1. Understanding the Mix: Teaching methods are like the magic wands teachers use to share knowledge. But guess what? These methods aren’t just about textbooks and quizzes. They’re influenced by something called educational sociology, which is all about how our social world affects learning. So, let’s unpack what makes these teaching methods special.

  2. The Social Behavior Spotlight: Imagine learning not just from books but from the world around us. That’s the first characteristic. Teaching methods under the spell of educational sociology give a big high-five to social behavior. They get that how we interact and connect with others outside the classroom is as important as what’s inside it.

  3. Social Forces in Action: Now, let’s talk about using social forces. These teaching methods are like magicians who know the secret spells of social life. They aim to use the power of social dynamics to help students adjust and find their groove in society. It’s like turning everyday interactions into lessons that last a lifetime.

  4. Thinking Cap + Social Skills: Another cool characteristic is the focus on problem-solving and constructive thinking. These methods aren’t just about memorizing facts. They want you to put on your thinking cap and solve real-world puzzles. It’s like preparing you to be a superhero of the social world – armed with critical thinking and problem-solving superpowers.

  5. Group Projects and Real-World Vibes: Lastly, teaching methods influenced by educational sociology throw a party for socialized techniques. Forget the old-school lectures! These methods love group projects, interactive learning, and techniques that mirror the real world. It’s like creating a mini-society in the classroom where everyone works together to crack the code.

   Conclusion: 

        So, when you step into a classroom and your teacher brings out those special teaching methods, know that it’s not just about passing exams. It’s a journey into a world where education and society join hands, and you’re the hero of the story

QUESTION 5 :- Define Psychology

      Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. It is concerned with understanding how people think, feel, and behave, both individually and in groups. Psychology seeks to explain and predict human behavior through the use of empirical research methods, including observation, experimentation, and statistical analysis. It encompasses a wide range of topics, including perception, cognition, emotion, personality, social behavior, development, and mental health. The field of psychology has many sub-disciplines, including clinical psychology, social psychology, developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, and neuropsychology, among others..

QUESTION 6 :- What are the main aspects of education influenced by psychological bases?

 Introduction: 

        Buckle up because today we’re taking a journey into the incredible world where education meets psychology. It’s like discovering the secret sauce that makes learning not just effective but also tailored to each one of us. Let’s explore the main aspects of education that get a sprinkle of magic from psychology!

  1. Understanding the Magic Blend: Imagine if education had a guide, a friend that understands how our minds work, how we learn, and why we’re all different. That friend is psychology! It’s like the behind-the-scenes hero shaping everything from what we learn to how we’re taught.

  2. The Aims of Education – The Big Picture: Ever wonder why we learn what we learn? Enter psychology! It’s the compass helping educators set goals that actually make sense. Psychology dives into how kids grow, learn, and differ from each other, making sure education aims are like customized maps for every student.

  3. Curriculum – What’s on Your Learning Plate: Think of the curriculum as a learning menu. Psychology steps in to make sure it’s not just a random mix but a carefully crafted feast. It considers how our brains tick at different ages and serves up content that matches our cognitive, emotional, and social taste buds.

  4. Teaching Methods – The Art of Learning: Now, let’s talk about the magic happening in classrooms. Psychology whispers to teachers about the best ways to teach. It’s all about active learning, personalized instruction, and even throwing in some tech tools. It’s like turning learning into a fun, interactive adventure.

  5. Individual Differences – Embracing Uniqueness: We’re all a bit different, right? Psychology gives a big thumbs-up to that! It celebrates our unique learning styles, abilities, and emotional needs. It encourages teachers to be like detectives, finding the perfect strategies for each student.

  6. Social and Emotional Learning – The Heart of Education: Education is not just about facts; it’s about feelings too. Here, psychology says, “Let’s talk emotions!” It’s about building friendships, understanding our feelings, and learning to navigate the social world. Because, hey, being book-smart is cool, but being people-smart is even cooler!

  7. Assessment – The Report Card of Understanding: Lastly, let’s chat about those assessments. Psychology tells educators, “Hey, let’s not just look at test scores.” It suggests using different methods to really get what each student knows and feels. It’s like painting a fuller picture of our learning journey.

  Conclusion: 

      So, there you have it – the magical blend of education and psychology. It’s not just about textbooks and exams; it’s about understanding each of us, making learning an exciting adventure. The next time you’re in class, know that psychology is there, making sure education fits you like a perfectly tailored suit.

EXERCISE QUESTIONS :-

QUESTION 1 :- The child is a book which the teacher has to learn from pages to pages.”-Rousseau. Comment and explain the psychological bases of education.

 Introduction: 

       Imagine a classroom as a magical place where each child is like a unique book, waiting to be understood and explored. The wise words of Rousseau remind us that teachers play the role of readers, unraveling the pages of each child’s book. This quote dives deep into the heart of education, emphasizing something crucial – understanding every child in the learning journey.

  1. Unlocking the Quote: Rousseau’s quote is like a beacon guiding us through the vast landscape of education. It tells us that every child is different, like a book with its own story, waiting to be discovered. But why is this so important? That’s where psychology and education shake hands.

     

  2. Psychological Bases Unveiled: Think of the psychological bases of education as the secrets to understanding how children grow, learn, and feel. Research shows that kids are like little puzzle pieces, each with their unique styles, abilities, and emotional needs. The quote is a nod to the idea that we can’t teach all kids the same way because, well, they aren’t the same!

     

  3. Child-Centered Learning – Putting Kids First: Imagine a classroom where the spotlight is on the child, not the teacher or the lesson plan. That’s what child-centered learning is all about. It recognizes that kids learn best when they’re actively involved and when what they’re learning matches their interests. It’s like turning learning into an exciting adventure tailored just for them.

     

  4. Creating a Positive Learning Haven: Now, let’s talk about the classroom atmosphere. The psychological bases say, “Hey, let’s make it a positive space!” Positive relationships between teachers and students, emotional learning, and a safe, inclusive environment – it’s like planting seeds for a garden of happy, confident learners.

 Conclusion: 

     In the grand story of education, every child is a protagonist with their unique tale. Rousseau’s quote serves as a reminder that teachers are not just givers of knowledge; they are also learners, unraveling the mysteries of each child’s book. So, the next time you see a classroom, picture it as a library of diverse books, waiting to be read and understood, one page at a time.

QUESTION 2 :- Sociological bases of education are considered very significant bases of education. Comment.

  Introduction: 

      Picture education as a big puzzle, and one crucial piece is the sociological perspective. It’s like having a special pair of glasses that helps us see how society and education dance together. Let’s uncover why sociological bases of education are like the unsung heroes shaping our classrooms and schools.

 Unveiling the Significance: 

        Ever wondered why education isn’t a one-size-fits-all deal? That’s where sociology steps in, saying, “Hey, let’s understand the big picture.” Here are some cool reasons why sociological bases are like the backbone of education.

1. Understanding the Big Picture: Sociological bases of education are like the tour guides of the educational world. They remind us that classrooms don’t exist in a vacuum. Nope, they’re part of a big, diverse world filled with different cultures, social gaps, and community vibes. Knowing this helps us make education better for everyone.

2. Policies for Everyone: Think of educational policies as the rules of the game. Sociological perspectives lend a helping hand in making these rules fair and inclusive. So, whether you live in a bustling city or a quiet village, educational policies try to make sure everyone gets a fair shot at learning.

3. Making Learning a Team Sport: Ever been in a group where everyone is different? That’s a bit like a classroom. Sociological bases remind teachers that students come from various backgrounds. This helps teachers switch up their teaching style to make sure every student can catch the learning wave, no matter where they’re from.

4. Learning About the World: Imagine school as a ticket to learn about the world. Sociological bases make sure this ticket is extra special. They add a dash of knowledge about society, cultures, and how we all fit together. So, when you leave school, you don’t just know math and science; you understand the world a bit better.

5. Ready to be a Super Citizen: School isn’t just about books; it’s like a superhero training ground. Sociological bases make sure you’re not just a hero in the classroom but also in society. They teach you to be a responsible citizen who cares about others, understands democracy, and can make the world a bit brighter.

6. No Room for Bullies: Sociological bases help create a superhero environment – no place for villains like bullies or discrimination. They teach us how to include everyone, respect differences, and make school a safe and welcoming space for all.

  Conclusion : 

           So, there you have it – sociological bases of education are like the unsung superheroes of our learning journey. They guide us, shape policies, make learning a team sport, teach us about the world, prep us to be awesome citizens, and keep bullies at bay. Here’s to the sociological superheroes making education a fantastic adventure for everyone!

QUESTION 3 :- What is the role of teacher in educational sociology?

  Introduction: 

        Imagine teachers as superheroes in the world of education, equipped not just with lesson plans but with sociological superpowers. These powers help them understand and navigate the complex social landscape of classrooms. Let’s unveil the key roles these education superheroes play in applying sociological principles.

 Roles of Teachers in Educational Sociology:

1. Social Context Detectives: Teachers wear the hat of “Social Context Detectives.” They understand that classrooms aren’t isolated islands but part of a big, diverse world. This means recognizing how cultural diversity, social gaps, and community dynamics impact learning.

2. Champions of Social Awareness: Teachers become “Champions of Social Awareness” by integrating sociological perspectives into lessons. They expose students to different cultures, social issues, and community dynamics. It’s like giving students special glasses to see the world more clearly.

3. Inclusive Environment Architects: Teachers transform into “Inclusive Environment Architects.” They acknowledge and tackle social inequalities head-on, creating classrooms where everyone feels safe and supported, regardless of their social background.

4. Encouragers of Civic Engagement: Teachers turn into “Encouragers of Civic Engagement.” They inspire students to be socially responsible and understand democratic principles. This means providing opportunities for students to actively participate in community service and social activism.

5. Navigators of Social Challenges: Teachers become “Navigators of Social Challenges” within the school walls. They address issues like bullying, discrimination, and social exclusion by recognizing how social structures play a role and implementing strategies to foster a positive social environment.

 Conclusion:

       In the world of educational sociology, teachers are not just educators; they are superheroes. They apply sociological principles, promote social awareness, craft inclusive environments, encourage civic engagement, and navigate social challenges. These roles are like the secret ingredients that make classrooms vibrant, diverse, and socially conscious – a place where every student can thrive. So here’s to the teachers, the real superheroes of educational sociology, shaping minds and creating a future where understanding society is as essential as mastering the ABCs.

QUESTION 4 :- Write three functions of ‘Education as a part of sociology.

  Introduction: 

        Ever wondered why we spend a significant part of our lives in classrooms? Well, education, as a crucial part of sociology, serves three important functions that shape individuals and societies. Let’s unfold these functions in a simple language to understand how education molds us.

 Functions of Education in Sociology:

   1. Socialization – The Art of Fitting In:

  • Imagine education as our guidebook to social life. It teaches us the unwritten rules, the do’s and don’ts, the language, and the expectations of our society.
  • It’s like a GPS for behavior, helping us become responsible and respected members of our community. Education is the toolkit for socializing us into our cultural practices.

  2. Transmission of Culture – Passing the Torch:

  • Think of education as a time machine. It allows us to travel back and forth, passing on the rich tapestry of our culture from one generation to the next.
  • Through education, we learn not just the ABCs but also our history, literature, and language. It’s the keeper of our cultural heritage, ensuring it doesn’t fade away with time.

  3. Social Mobility – Climbing the Social Ladder:

  • Consider education as the key to unlocking doors. It equips us with the knowledge and skills needed to climb the social ladder.
  • Education isn’t just about grades; it’s about opening opportunities. It’s the bridge that can take us from one social level to another, improving our economic and social standing.

 Conclusion : 

       In the grand tapestry of society, education stitches together the threads of socialization, cultural heritage, and opportunities. It’s not just about exams and textbooks; it’s our guide, helping us navigate the complexities of being a responsible, informed, and upwardly mobile member of society. So, the next time you sit in a classroom, remember you’re not just learning facts; you’re absorbing the essence of your society, preparing for the future, and holding the torch of culture to pass it on.

QUESTION 5 :- Keeping the present-day context in mind, explain philosophical bases on education.

  Introduction: 

      In today’s world, the philosophical foundations of education continue to be like guiding stars, shaping how we teach and learn. Let’s take a journey through some of these philosophies and see how they make a real impact on education today.

Relevance of Philosophical Bases in Modern Education:

  1. Humanistic Philosophy – Nurturing Individuals:

  • In a nutshell: This philosophy says, “Let’s focus on each student’s growth.”
  • Why it matters today: Think of it as the champion of student-centered learning. It’s all about tailoring education to individuals, fostering creativity, critical thinking, and collaboration – skills that are like superpowers in the 21st century.

   2. Pragmatism – Learning by Doing:

  • In a nutshell: This philosophy shouts, “Let’s solve real problems!”
  • Why it matters today: It’s the advocate for practical knowledge and hands-on learning. Projects, experiences, and the cool tech tools in your classroom? Pragmatism is the backstage manager making it all happen.

   3. Social Reconstructionism – Changing the World:

  • In a nutshell: This philosophy declares, “Let’s use education to make a better society!”
  • Why it matters today: Ever heard about social justice, equity, and inclusivity? That’s social reconstructionism at play. It’s like the superhero cape for education, fighting to make the world fairer for everyone.

   4. Existentialism – Your Education, Your Choice:

  • In a nutshell: This philosophy states, “You shape your destiny!”
  • Why it matters today: Existentialism is your cheerleader for individual choice and responsibility. It’s the reason schools are saying, “Discover your passions, take charge of your learning, and build life skills like resilience and self-awareness.”

   5. Critical Theory – Question Everything:

  • In a nutshell: This philosophy urges, “Let’s challenge the norms and power structures!”
  • Why it matters today: Critical theory is like a spotlight on education, asking us to think critically, be media-savvy, and stand up for social justice. It’s the driving force behind the call for critical thinking and social activism in today’s classrooms.

 Conclusion: 

     In a world that’s evolving faster than ever, these philosophical pillars of education are like the compass, pointing us toward student-centered growth, practical learning, social change, individual empowerment, and critical thinking. As we navigate the complexities of modern education, these philosophies serve as our North Star, ensuring that education remains relevant, meaningful, and transformative.

QUESTION 6 :- Explain the impact of psychology on education with suitable examples.

  Introduction:

       Education is not just about textbooks and classrooms; it’s about understanding how students learn, behave, and thrive. Psychology, the study of the mind and behavior, plays a crucial role in shaping education. Let’s explore some ways in which psychology has a significant impact on how we teach and learn.

  1. Understanding Learning Styles: In the world of education, everyone learns a bit differently. Psychology helps us grasp these differences through the concept of learning styles—how students prefer to learn. Think of it like having different favorite flavors of ice cream. Some like to see things (visual learners), some like to hear things (auditory learners), and others prefer hands-on activities (kinesthetic learners). Teachers use this knowledge to create diverse lessons that cater to everyone’s taste.
  2. Application of Behaviorism: Ever heard of rewards and consequences? That’s behaviorism at work. In school, teachers use positive reinforcement, like praise or rewards, to encourage good behavior and learning. Imagine getting a gold star for doing well on a test—it feels good, right? Psychology helps teachers manage challenging behaviors too, using strategies to guide students toward better choices.
  3. Cognitive Development Theory: Jean Piaget, a famous psychologist, taught us that our brains grow and change as we grow up. In school, this means teachers design lessons that match where students are in their thinking. It’s like building a tower of blocks; you start with the basics and add more as you go. Understanding how kids think helps teachers create activities that are just right for each age group.
  4. Individualized Education Plans (IEPs): Not all students learn at the same pace or in the same way. Psychology helps us understand the unique needs of students with special requirements. This knowledge guides teachers in creating personalized plans (IEPs) that offer the right support and teaching methods for each student, ensuring no one gets left behind.
  5. Educational Technology: Ever wondered why there are so many cool apps for learning? That’s thanks to psychology! Researchers study how our brains work with computers, helping create educational tools that adapt to each student. It’s like having a personal tutor on your computer, adjusting to your speed and style of learning.
  6. Social and Emotional Learning (SEL): School isn’t just about facts and figures; it’s about emotions and relationships too. Psychology teaches us how to understand and manage our feelings. In school, teachers use this knowledge to help students develop skills like empathy, kindness, and understanding—things that make us not just smart, but good people too.
  7. Motivation and Engagement: Motivation is like the fuel that keeps us going. Psychology gives teachers insights into what makes students excited to learn. Using theories like self-determination and expectancy-value, educators create environments where students feel in control, see the value in what they’re learning, and stay engaged in their studies.

 Conclusion:

           In the big world of education, psychology is like a superhero, helping teachers understand and support students in amazing ways. From recognizing different learning styles to creating personalized plans for every student, psychology is the secret ingredient that makes education not just effective but enjoyable. So, the next time you’re in class, remember that psychology is working behind the scenes, making sure you get the best learning experience possible.

Fill in the Blanks:-

1. What is the etymological meaning of philosophy?

a. Philos
b. phila
c. philolos
d. phylos

ANS –  Philos

2. Functions of education according to pyne is

a. transmission of culture
b. control of culture
c. creative outlook
d. none of these

ANS – Transmission of culture

3. According to which bases of education it is considered as “child as the centre of education”

a. philosophy
b. psychology
c. sociology

ANS – Psychology

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS :-

  • What do you understand by educational philosophy? Explain it with one example
  • What is the meaning educational sociology
  • Define Psychology
  • The child is a book which the teacher has to learn from pages to pages.”-Rousseau. Comment and explain the psychological bases of education
  • What is the role of teacher in educational sociology?
  • Write three functions of ‘Education as a part of sociology
  • Explain the impact of psychology on education with suitable examples

Important Note for Students:– These questions are crucial for your preparation, offering insights into exam patterns. Yet, remember to explore beyond for a comprehensive understanding. 

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