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EXTREMISTS

Hey Mumbai University FYBA IDOL students! Today, let’s delve into the world of History Of Modern India , focusing on “EXTREMISTS.” Get ready to uncover the factors, ideologies, and contributions that characterized this transformative period in Indian history.

First up, we’ll explore the causes behind the rise of Extremism within the Congress. From disillusionment with British policies to the desire for more assertive methods of protest, we’ll unravel the forces that propelled this radical shift within the nationalist movement.

Next, let’s delve into the ideology of Extremism. We’ll examine how Extremists advocated for more aggressive tactics, including boycotts, strikes, and civil disobedience, in contrast to the moderate approach of negotiations and petitions.

But what about the four-fold programme of the Extremists? Brace yourselves as we uncover their demands for Swaraj (self-rule), Swadeshi (boycott of foreign goods), Boycotts, and National Education. These pillars formed the backbone of their agenda for Indian independence.

As we journey through the Extremist phase of the Indian National Congress, we’ll shine a spotlight on the Home Rule movement. We’ll explore how leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak mobilized the masses and ignited a fervent desire for self-governance across the country.

But that’s not all! We’ll also evaluate the roles of key Extremist leaders such as Lokmanya Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Bipin Chandra Pal. From their fiery speeches to their unwavering commitment to the cause, we’ll uncover the indelible mark they left on India’s struggle for freedom.

And lastly, get ready to immerse yourselves in the fascinating story of the Home Rule Movement. From its origins to its impact on India’s quest for independence, we’ll unravel the legacy of this pivotal chapter in our nation’s history. So, FYBA IDOL Mumbai University students, get ready to learn about –”EXTREMISTS” with customized idol notes just for you. Let’s jump into this exploration together

QUESTION 1:- Explain in short the causes of rise of Extremism

Introduction:

The rise of Extremism in India during the early 20th century was influenced by several important factors that shaped the course of the Indian National Congress. This phase marked a shift from the earlier moderate approach, with leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Lala Lajpat Rai leading the charge. Let’s explore the reasons behind this shift, keeping it simple and straightforward.

Dissatisfaction with Moderate Leaders:
- Young leaders felt that moderate approaches like petitions and letters were ineffective in influencing British authorities.
- Believed moderates were too passive and neglected the urgent demands of the people.
- Perception that moderates lacked confidence in fair play by the British added to the discontent.
Economic Exploitation:
- British economic policies, including the Tariff and Cotton Duties Act of 1894 and 1896, favored British manufacturers.
- These policies led to the deterioration of the Indian economy, causing frustration and discontent.
- The impact of famines and diseases during this period intensified resentment against British rule.
Specific Grievances Leading to Extremism:
- Dissatisfaction prompted a shift towards more assertive actions.
- Leaders like Tilak, Pal, and Rai advocated for radical strategies to address specific issues.
Boycott and Swadeshi:
- Extremists endorsed boycotts as a powerful tool for protest, refusing to buy British goods.
- The Swadeshi movement encouraged the use of locally-made products, promoting self-reliance and challenging British economic dominance.
- These strategies aimed at hitting the British economically while fostering a sense of national pride.
Leaders’ Advocacy:
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Lala Lajpat Rai played pivotal roles in advocating Extremist ideals.
- Their emphasis on direct action and mass involvement became the hallmark of this phase.
Contribution of Specific Leaders:
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak’s call for “Swaraj is my birthright” became a rallying cry for Extremists.
- Bipin Chandra Pal’s passionate speeches inspired many to join the cause.
- Lala Lajpat Rai’s unwavering commitment to Indian nationalism left a lasting impact.
Assertive Stance Against British Rule:
- Extremists’ actions represented a collective desire for a more forceful response to British rule.
- Their agenda set the stage for a more confrontational approach in the Indian National Congress.

CONCLUSION:-

The rise of Extremism in India was driven by a combination of dissatisfaction with moderate methods, economic exploitation, and specific grievances that prompted leaders to adopt radical strategies. The actions of prominent leaders and the shift towards assertive stances laid the groundwork for a transformative phase in the Indian National Congress and the broader struggle for independence.

QUESTION 2 :- Explain in short the ideology of Extremism.

Introduction:

Understanding the differences between the ideologies of Extremists and Modertes is like peeking into two different mindsets within the Indian National Congress during a crucial period. Let’s break down these differences in a simple way to grasp how leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak brought a new flavor to the fight for India’s independence.

Approach to Independence:
- Extremists, led by Tilak, thought the old ways of asking nicely (like writing letters and petitions) were not working. They believed in a more intense, militant approach to shake things up and make the British pay attention.
- Moderates, on the other hand, believed in a slow and steady path, working within the existing system to bring about change.
Connection with India’s History:
- Extremists were like history buffs. They looked at India’s past and thought, “Hey, we were pretty awesome back then!” They wanted to bring back the glory of ancient India and not just copy the West.
- Moderates were more into Western ideas, thinking that India should change by adopting Western ways of doing things.
Nationalism with a Punch:
- Extremists were all about strong, non-violent nationalism. They wanted the Indian National Congress to shout out loud that self-government was the goal.
- Moderates were more chill about it, focusing on reforms rather than making big demands for self-government.
Organizing the Masses:
- Extremists were like cheerleaders for the masses. They wanted regular people to join the fight and put pressure on the British Government by uniting in a big, powerful way.
- Moderates were more into polite discussions and working through official channels, not so much about getting everyone on the streets.
Revivalists vs. Reformists:
- Extremists were often called “revivalists” because they wanted to bring back the good stuff from India’s past.
- Moderates were labeled “reformists” because they were more about changing things slowly, in a step-by-step manner.

Conclusion:

In a nutshell, Extremists were the passionate, history-loving rebels of the Indian National Congress. They believed in shaking things up, reviving India’s glorious past, and pushing hard for self-government. On the flip side, Moderates were more into calm discussions and gradual changes. Understanding these different approaches helps us see the rich diversity of ideas within the Congress during this crucial period in India’s journey to independence.

QUESTION 3 :- Explain the four fold programme of the Extremists

Introduction:

Alright, let’s dive into the cool stuff – the Extremists’ Four-Fold Programme .It’s like their secret recipe for making a stronger India during the fight against British rule. So, let’s break it down in simple terms to understand what these Extremists were up to!

Swadeshi – Buy Indian, Be Indian: Swadeshi is like a fancy way of saying, “Let’s support our own stuff!” Extremists wanted everyone to buy things made in India and avoid British goods. It was their way of boosting our own industries and becoming self-reliant. So, no more British clothes or tea – we’re going local!
Boycott – Just Say No to British Stuff: Boycott is like a powerful protest move. Extremists said, “We’re not playing your game, Britain!” They refused to buy British goods, attend British schools, or even participate in their fancy legislative councils. It was a way of giving the British a piece of our minds without using fists.
National Education – Let’s Embrace Our Roots:Extremists were all about education that celebrates us! They wanted schools to teach about our awesome culture, heritage, and traditions. It’s like saying, “Hey, let’s be proud of being Indian!” Learning about our roots was their way of building a strong sense of national identity and unity.
Passive Resistance – Peaceful Protest Power:Extremists were superheroes of peaceful protest. Instead of fighting with fists, they used non-violent resistance. It’s like saying, “We won’t follow your rules, but we won’t punch you either.” Civil disobedience became their tool to oppose British laws and policies without getting aggressive.

These four elements were like the Extremists’ game plan. They aimed to bring everyone together, make us economically strong, and peacefully resist the British rule. It was their way of saying, “We got this, India!”

Conclusion:

In a nutshell, the Extremists’ Four-Fold Programme was their roadmap to make India stand tall against British colonial rule. Swadeshi, Boycott, National Education, and Passive Resistance – these were their power moves for building a united, self-reliant, and resistant India. So, next time you hear about these Extremists, remember they were the cool cats with a plan to make India shine!

QUESTION 4 :- Highlight the contribution of Home Rule movement.

Introduction:

Let’s dive into the tale of the Home Rule Movement – a crucial time during the First World War when Lokmanya Tilak and Annie Besant teamed up to make big changes in India. This movement was like a guidebook, showing us how to peacefully ask for self-rule within the British Empire. Let’s break it down in simple words to see why it was a game-changer.

Demand for Self-Government: Imagine asking your parents for more freedom – that’s what the Home Rule Movement did for India! It said, “Hey, we want to rule ourselves within the big British family.” This demand was a massive step towards India’s independence. It’s like saying, “We’re ready to steer our own ship!”
Promotion of Political Education: The Home Rule Movement wasn’t just about asking nicely; it was also about making sure everyone understood why self-rule was important. It was like starting a big conversation in the neighborhood, helping people realize the need to govern themselves. Think of it as a giant awareness campaign for the whole country.
Unity among Leaders: Ever tried getting your friends together for a cause? The Home Rule Movement did exactly that on a much bigger scale. Leaders from different places and backgrounds joined forces. It was like all of them saying, “We might be from different regions, but we’re all in this together.” Unity was their secret weapon.
Non-Violent Resistance: Picture this – you’re upset, but instead of yelling, you peacefully stand your ground. That’s what the Home Rule Movement did. It said, “We won’t fight, but we won’t agree either.” This non-violent resistance paved the way for later leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, who took it to a whole new level.
International Attention: Imagine if your friends from other schools started supporting your cause – that’s what happened on a global scale. The Home Rule Movement got attention from around the world, making the British government feel the heat. It was like having backup singers in a big concert – more voices, more impact.

Conclusion:

In the end, the Home Rule Movement wasn’t just a demand for self-government; it was a big moment where India stood up and said, “We can run our own show.” From political education to peaceful protests, it set the stage for the independence struggle. It’s like a chapter in our history book where Lokmanya Tilak and Annie Besant took the lead, and India started dreaming big about governing itself.

EXERCISE QUSTIONS :-

QUESTION 1 :- Account for the rise of the Extremist phase of Indian Congress

Introduction:

Let’s explore the Extremist phase in the Indian National Congress. Imagine it like a turning point when young leaders decided to step up and lead the way. This journey was shaped by various factors, and we’re about to unravel them in a simple and clear way.

Dissatisfaction with Moderate Leadership: Okay, picture this: You and your friends have some big ideas, but the older crew isn’t quite on the same page. That’s how the young leaders felt about the moderate leaders in the Congress. They thought writing letters and petitions to the British bosses wasn’t cutting it. It’s like saying, “We need a stronger voice!”
Influence of International Events: Sometimes, news from other parts of the world can light a spark in you. Imagine hearing about a small country beating a big one – that’s what happened with Japan and Russia. It made Indian minds go, “Hey, maybe we can break free too!” And there was this Italian guy, Mazzini, whose revolutionary ideas also inspired our leaders.
Reactionary Policies of Lord Curzon: Now, think about a ruler making decisions that don’t sit well with the people. That’s what Lord Curzon did with his policies. He tried to control Indian universities, introduced a secrecy law, and even split Bengal! This sparked a sudden burst of nationalism in India. It’s like saying, “Enough is enough – we want a say in our own matters!”
Emergence of Strong Leaders: Imagine having superhero leaders who aren’t afraid to speak up. That’s what Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Aurobindo Ghose were – influencers who said, “Let’s get more intense, let’s take action!” Their powerful voices resonated with the growing spirit of nationalism.

Now, put all these ingredients together, and you get the Extremist phase of the Indian National Congress. It’s like a superhero team-up moment where the young leaders took charge, fueled by dissatisfaction, global inspiration, reaction to bad policies, and the emergence of strong voices.

Conclusion:

In the end, the Extremist phase wasn’t just a rebellion; it was a response to the changing times. It showed that India was ready to stand up and be heard. So, when you hear about Bal Gangadhar Tilak or Bipin Chandra Pal, remember, they were the trailblazers who paved the way for a more assertive and nationalist India. The Extremist phase was a bold step towards our journey to independence.

QUESTION 2 :- Examine the programmes and policies of the Extremist Congress.

Introduction:

Let’s journey back to a time when India’s fight for freedom was picking up speed – the era of the Extremist Congress from 1905 to 1920. It’s like a chapter filled with bold ideas and strong actions. In simple terms, let’s explore the key programs and policies that made the Extremists stand out during this crucial period.

Swadeshi and Boycott: Think of Swadeshi as a big hug for things made in India. The Extremists were all about supporting our own goods and industries. And the boycott? Well, that’s like saying, “We won’t buy from the British.” It was their way of making India economically strong and independent.
National Education: Imagine going to school where they teach you about your own amazing culture and traditions. That’s what the Extremists wanted – education that makes you proud to be Indian. It’s like saying, “Let’s know and love our own history!”
Passive Resistance: Ever been upset but didn’t want to start a fight? That’s what passive resistance is. The Extremists said, “We won’t be violent, but we won’t just nod along either.” It was their way of peacefully saying ‘no’ to British rules and laws.
Self-Government: Self-government is like saying, “We can run our own show.” The Extremists demanded that India should have its own say within the British Empire. It’s like asking for the keys to your own room – a big step towards India’s independence.
Four-Fold Programme: Imagine having a big plan with four powerful moves – that’s the Four-Fold Programme. Swadeshi, Boycott, National Education, and Passive Resistance – it’s like their playbook for making India strong, proud, and resistant to British rule.
Mass Mobilization: Picture this – everyone in your neighborhood coming together for a common goal. That’s what the Extremists wanted – getting the masses involved, organizing public opinion, and standing united. It’s like a big team effort for India’s freedom.

Conclusion:

In a nutshell, the Extremist Congress wasn’t just about talking; it was about action. Swadeshi, National Education, Passive Resistance – these were their power moves. They believed in India’s strength, in being proud of who we are, and in peacefully resisting British control. The Extremists were like the architects of India’s future, setting the stage for a bold and independent nation. So, when you hear about the Extremist Congress, remember, it was a time when India stood up and said, “We’re ready to write our own destiny!”

QUESTION 3 :- Evaluate the role of Bal Gangadhar Tilak in the Indian National Movement.

Introduction:

Let’s step back in time to meet a key player in India’s journey to independence – Bal Gangadhar Tilak, fondly known as Lokmanya Tilak. Imagine him as a captain, steering the ship of the Indian National Movement. His story is fascinating, filled with efforts to make every Indian feel proud and free. So, let’s dive into the tale of Lokmanya Tilak’s significant contributions.

Promotion of Nationalism: Tilak was like a cheerleader for India, encouraging everyone to feel proud of being Indian. He believed in celebrating our festivals together, making them public events. It was his way of saying, “Let’s unite, let’s be proud of our nation!”
Advocacy of Swaraj: Imagine someone boldly saying, “I have the right to rule myself.” That was Tilak for you! His powerful words – “Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it” – became a powerful anthem for India’s independence. It was like a declaration, a promise to every Indian.
Extremist Leader: Tilak was the voice of the Extremists – the bold ones who believed in taking strong actions against the British. While some played it safe, Tilak said, “Let’s be assertive, let’s be bold.” He was a leader who wanted to turn up the volume in India’s fight for freedom.
Four-Fold Programme: Think of Tilak as a strategist, laying out a plan for India’s independence. His Four-Fold Programme had four powerful moves – Swarajya, Bahishkar, Swadeshi, and Rashtriya Shikshan. It was like a roadmap to make India strong, self-reliant, and educated.
Mass Mobilization: Tilak wasn’t just talking to a few; he wanted everyone on board. It was like a big team effort. His focus was on getting the masses – regular people like you and me – involved in the fight for self-rule. It was about creating a wave of nationalism that would sweep across the country.
Contribution to Journalism: Tilak wasn’t just a speaker; he was a writer too. Imagine newspapers as his megaphones. Through papers like Kesari and Maratha, he spread ideas, telling everyone, “This is our fight, and we need to stand strong together.”
Legal and Political Activism: Tilak wasn’t afraid to stand up and say, “This is wrong.” His legal battles and political activism made him a hero in the eyes of many. He wasn’t just talking; he was taking action against the British policies that he believed were unjust.

Conclusion:

In the end, Lokmanya Tilak was more than just a leader – he was a visionary. His push for nationalism, self-rule, and mass involvement set the stage for a stronger, united India. Tilak’s journey was a beacon for the independence movement, and his contributions were like building blocks shaping the course of our nation’s history. So, when you think of Lokmanya Tilak, remember him as the captain who steered India towards freedom.

QUESTION 4 :- Discuss the contribution of Lokmanya Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai and Bipin Chandra Pal in the Extremist phase of Indian National Congress.

Introduction:

Imagine a time when Lokmanya Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Bipin Chandra Pal were like superheroes, leading India towards freedom. This was during the Extremist phase of the Indian National Congress – a time filled with bold ideas and powerful actions. Let’s unfold the story of these three heroes and their significant contributions to the nationalist movement.

Lokmanya Tilak:
- Promotion of Nationalism: Picture Tilak as a cheerleader, but for the entire nation. He wanted everyone in India to feel proud of being Indian. His idea of celebrating festivals like Ganesh Chaturthi and Shiv Jayanti was like throwing a big party for the whole country – a party of unity and nationalism.
- Advocacy of Swaraj: Imagine someone saying, “I have the right to rule myself.” That was Tilak. His powerful words – “Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it” – became a mantra for India’s independence. It was like a promise, a declaration of freedom.
- Extremist Leadership: While some leaders were playing it safe, Tilak was leading the Extremist crew – the bold ones who believed in strong actions against the British. He was like the captain of a team that wanted to turn up the volume in India’s fight for freedom.
- Four-Fold Programme: Think of Tilak as a strategist with a plan. His Four-Fold Programme had four strong moves – Swarajya, Bahishkar, Swadeshi, and Rashtriya Shikshan. It was like a roadmap to make India strong, self-reliant, and educated.
Lala Lajpat Rai:
- Advocacy of Swadeshi and Boycott: Imagine someone saying, “Let’s support our own stuff, not the foreign goods.” That was Lala Lajpat Rai. He believed in economic self-reliance and wanted everyone to boycott foreign goods. It was his way of making India economically strong.
- Mass Mobilization: Rai wasn’t just talking; he was doing. His focus was on getting the masses – regular people like you and me – involved in the fight for self-rule. It was about creating a wave of nationalism that would sweep across the country.
Bipin Chandra Pal:
- Promotion of National Education: Pal was like a teacher who wanted us to know and love our own history. He believed in educating the youth about India’s rich culture and heritage. It was his way of instilling a sense of national pride.
- Advocacy of Swadeshi and Boycott: Pal was a strong supporter of using our own goods and boycotting foreign ones. He believed in economic empowerment through self-reliance.

Conclusion:

In the end, Lokmanya Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Bipin Chandra Pal weren’t just leaders; they were visionaries. Their push for nationalism, self-rule, and economic independence set the stage for a stronger, united India. These heroes shaped the Extremist phase of the Indian National Congress, leaving a lasting impact on our journey to independence. So, when you think of them, remember them as the architects of a bold and free India.

QUESTION 5 :- Write an essay on Hole Rule Movement in India.

Introduction:

Let’s dive into a crucial chapter of India’s journey to freedom – the Home Rule Movement. Imagine it like a time when leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant worked together to ask for something important – self-government. This movement was like a peaceful roar, demanding a say in how India was governed. So, let’s unfold the story of the Home Rule Movement in simple words.

Background and Launch: Think of the Home Rule Movement as a big idea that came to life during the First World War. Leaders like Tilak and Besant saw an opportunity when the British were busy with the war. They launched the Home Rule League to demand changes in how India was ruled. The goal was simple – to rule ourselves, but in a peaceful way.
Cooperation and Travel: Now, imagine Tilak and Besant like partners in a mission. They traveled across the country, talking to people about the idea of Home Rule. It was like a big roadshow to get everyone on board. Their aim was to mobilize the masses and spread the word about the need for self-rule.
People’s Response and Challenge to British Rule: Picture this movement as a wave that caught on quickly. People from all walks of life joined in, and it became a real challenge to British colonial rule. The idea of Indians governing themselves was gaining momentum, and the British government felt the pressure.
Non-violent Means and Constitutional Methods: The special thing about the Home Rule Movement was its focus on peace. Tilak, Besant, and others believed in using constitutional methods, not violence, to achieve self-government. It was like saying, “Let’s talk, let’s negotiate, but let us rule ourselves.”
Opposition and Government’s Response: Of course, the British government wasn’t thrilled about the movement. They tried to stop it by censoring the press and even arresting leaders like Annie Besant. But, the movement kept going strong, fueled by the support it received from the people.
Decline and August Declaration: Like all stories, the Home Rule Movement had a turning point. The August Declaration of 1917 by the British Government changed things. It promised more Indian participation in governing the country. This led to a shift in the nationalist movement, and the Home Rule Movement slowly declined.

Conclusion:

In the end, the Home Rule Movement wasn’t just a protest; it was a call for change. Leaders like Tilak and Besant wanted a say in how India was run, and they did it peacefully. The movement was a vital part of India’s fight for independence, setting the stage for future struggles. So, when you hear about Home Rule, remember it as a time when India spoke up and said, “We want to govern ourselves – peacefully and with pride!”

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS :-

Explain in short the causes of rise of Extremism
Explain the four fold programme of the Extremists
Highlight the contribution of Home Rule movement.
Evaluate the role of Bal Gangadhar Tilak in the Indian National Movement.
Discuss the contribution of Lokmanya Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai and Bipin Chandra Pal in the Extremist phase of Indian National Congress.
Write an essay on Hole Rule Movement in India.

Important Note for Students:- These questions are crucial for your preparation, offering insights into exam patterns. Yet, remember to explore beyond for a comprehensive understanding.

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