Categories: MUMBAI UNIVERSITY IDOL NOTES

FOUNDATION OF INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

Hey Mumbai University FYBA IDOL students! Today, let’s delve into the world of History Of Modern India , focusing on “FOUNDATION OF INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS.” Get ready to unravel the stories of unity, resilience, and determination that paved the way for the birth of this iconic political organization.

First up, we’ll delve into the fascinating story of how the Indian National Congress came into existence. From the backdrop of colonial rule to the burgeoning spirit of nationalism sweeping across the country, we’ll trace the circumstances that led to the formation of this historic institution.

Next, let’s uncover the aims and objectives of the Indian National Congress. From advocating for political reforms and civil liberties to promoting social justice and economic progress, we’ll explore the lofty ideals that inspired the leaders and members of the Congress.

But what about the British attitude towards the Indian National Congress? Brace yourselves as we examine the complex relationship between the colonial rulers and the emerging nationalist movement. From initial dismissiveness to growing apprehension, we’ll dissect the evolving perceptions and reactions of the British towards the Congress.

As we journey through the foundation of the Indian National Congress, we’ll unravel the intricacies of political activism, collective action, and the quest for self-determination. From its humble beginnings to becoming the vanguard of India’s struggle for independence, the story of the Congress is a testament to the power of unity and perseverance. So, FYBA IDOL Mumbai University students, get ready to learn about –“FOUNDATION OF INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS” with customized idol notes just for you. Let’s jump into this exploration together

QUESTION 1:- Write a note on foundation of the Indian National Congress

Introduction:

In the late 19th century, India witnessed the birth of a significant force in its struggle for independence – the Indian National Congress (INC). Founded in 1885, the INC became the voice of a nation seeking self-rule, transcending regional boundaries. This narrative delves into the historical context, objectives, and enduring legacy of the Indian National Congress, showcasing its role as a superhero in India’s quest for freedom.

Foundation and Historical Context:

Political and Cultural Awakening (1860s-1870s): A rising consciousness among Indians led to the articulation of concerns and aspirations.
Repressive Measures by the British (1878): The Vernacular Press Act and Arms Act restricted Indian freedom and fueled resentment.
Ilbert Bill Controversy (1883): British opposition to giving Indian judges authority ignited demands for equal treatment.
Lord Ripon’s Liberal Policies: His pro-Indian measures encouraged political activism, fostering an environment for change.

Objectives and Significance:

Key Objectives of INC:
- Promoting political, economic, and social interests of Indians.
- Advocating for Indian representation in legislative councils.
- Seeking constitutional reforms to address Indian concerns.
New Era in Indian History:
- The INC symbolized India’s new national spirit, uniting people across regions.
- Represented a unified front for collective grievance addressing and advocating for reforms.
- Evolution from advocating constitutional methods to demanding autonomy and independence.

Conclusion:

The Indian National Congress, born in 1885, stands as a monumental milestone in India’s quest for self-determination. Like a superhero, it emerged as a powerful force, transcending regional interests and becoming the embodiment of a new national spirit. The Congress, with its objectives, marked a transformative era in India’s history, evolving from a political platform to a demand for greater autonomy. Its enduring legacy continues to shape the nation’s democratic landscape, reminding us of a time when the collective voice of the people echoed for rights and freedom.

QUESTION 2 :- Trace the circumstances that led to the foundation of the Congress

Introduction:

In the tapestry of India’s struggle for freedom, the Indian National Congress (INC), founded in 1885, emerges as a vital thread. This institution, born amidst a burgeoning political and cultural awakening, aimed to represent India’s national interests, transcending regional divisions. Our exploration will unfold the foundation and significance of the INC, a cornerstone in the nation’s pursuit of self-rule.

Foundation and Historical Context:

Political and Cultural Awakening (1860s-1870s): During this period, Indian intellectuals and leaders began openly expressing their concerns and aspirations.
Repressive Measures by Colonial Government: The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 and the Arms Act were enforced, curbing freedom of the press and restricting the right to bear arms.
Ilbert Bill Controversy: The demand for equal treatment under the law gained momentum as the bill proposed granting Indian judges authority to try European offenders.
Lord Ripon’s Liberal Policies: The viceroyalty of Lord Ripon, marked by pro-Indian policies, encouraged political activism, acting as a catalyst for change.

Objectives and Significance:

Key Objectives of INC:
- Promoting political, economic, and social interests of the Indian people.
- Advocating for Indian representation in legislative councils.
- Seeking constitutional reforms to address Indian concerns.
Transformation Over Time:
- Became a symbol of India’s new national spirit, transcending regional and group interests.
- Represented a unified front for Indians, evolving from advocating constitutional methods to demanding autonomy and independence.

Legacy:

Role in Independence Movement: Played a crucial, unifying role, mobilizing Indians and fostering political consciousness.
Enduring Legacy as a Political Force: The INC’s legacy persists as a significant political force in India’s democratic system.

Conclusion:

The Indian National Congress, founded in 1885, stands as a monumental milestone in India’s journey toward self-determination. It symbolizes a new national spirit, representing the aspirations of a united India. The INC’s historical significance lies in its role as a catalyst for political awakening, shaping the nation’s destiny. Its legacy endures, reminiscent of an era when unity, collective action, and the pursuit of freedom marked the spirit of the nation.

QUESTION 3:- Discuss the Aims and Objectives of the Indian National Congress

Introduction:

In 1885, the establishment of the Indian National Congress marked a turning point in India’s journey towards self-rule. The Congress, formed with clear objectives, reflected the aspirations of the Indian people during the late 19th century. This note explores the aims and objectives of the Indian National Congress as outlined in its inaugural session, emphasizing its pivotal role in shaping the nation’s destiny.

Aims and Objectives:

Promotion of Personal Intimacy and Friendship: The Congress aimed to forge bonds among individuals dedicated to India’s cause across the vast British Empire, fostering a sense of unity.
Consideration of Public Interest: Functioning as a forum for deliberation on matters of public interest, the Congress addressed issues affecting the well-being of the Indian people.
Loyalty to the British Government: While advocating for Indian rights, the Congress also aimed to maintain loyalty to the British Crown and the authority of the British Government in India.
Development and Consolidation of Resources: The Congress sought to promote the growth and consolidation of India’s vast resources, recognizing their pivotal role in the nation’s progress.
Promotion of Education and Knowledge: Education was a cornerstone, with the Congress aiming to spread knowledge among the masses, acknowledging the power of education in empowering people.
Study of Indian History and National Unity: Encouraging the study of Indian history, the Congress aimed to nurture a sense of national unity among the diverse people of India.
Promotion of Social and Moral Welfare: Beyond political and economic matters, the Congress was committed to advancing the social and moral well-being of the Indian populace.
Consideration of Public Interest: Providing a platform for discussing various issues of public interest, the Congress played a crucial role in shaping policies for the welfare of the Indian people.

Conclusion:

The Indian National Congress, beyond being a political organization, was a multifaceted movement dedicated to the welfare and progress of the Indian people. The outlined objectives during its inception underscored its commitment to both Indian rights and loyalty to the British Crown. The Congress played an instrumental role in the Indian independence movement and continues to be a significant political force in India, upholding the principles of democracy and the welfare of its citizens. It was a collective effort to build a better India for all.

QUESTION 4 :- Examine the British attitude towards the Indian National Congress

Introduction:

The early years of the Indian National Congress (INC) were characterized by a complex relationship with the British colonial authorities. Though the INC’s initial leadership expressed loyalty to the British crown, the British government viewed the INC with suspicion, leading to attempts to steer its focus away from political matters. As the INC began advocating for Indian interests in Indian languages, the British attitude evolved from uncertainty to outright criticism. This note examines the dynamic shifts in the British approach towards the INC during its formative years.

The Early British Doubts:
- Founded in 1885, the INC initially had leaders who were loyal to the British crown and embraced Western values.
- However, Lord Dufferin, the Viceroy of India, harbored suspicions about the INC’s nationalist tendencies.
- In an effort to redirect the INC, Lord Dufferin suggested a shift towards focusing on social issues rather than political affairs.
Holding onto Their Path:
- Despite Lord Dufferin’s suggestion, the INC leadership remained committed to their nationalist agenda.
- The INC adopted effective means such as publishing pamphlets in Indian languages and organizing mass meetings to disseminate their message.
When Things Got Tough – Economic Agitation:
- A turning point in the INC-British relationship was the economic agitation initiated by nationalist leaders.
- This agitation exposed the exploitative nature of British imperialism, bringing attention to long-standing economic grievances.
The British Shift:
- In response to the INC’s growing influence and its ability to mobilize public support, the British officials shifted from a stance of uncertainty to open criticism.
- The INC’s unyielding commitment to its nationalist cause and its increasing influence posed a significant challenge to British rule in India.
Strong National Movement Emerges:
- Despite facing initial suspicion and attempts to suppress its activities, the INC not only survived but emerged as a formidable national movement.
- The INC played a pivotal role in India’s struggle for independence, challenging British colonial rule and asserting the rights of the Indian people.

Conclusion:

The early years of the Indian National Congress marked a period of transformation in the relationship with the British colonial authorities. From an initial stance of loyalty, the INC’s nationalist aspirations led to suspicion and criticism from the British government. The INC’s resilience, coupled with its ability to mobilize public support, marked the emergence of a strong national movement that would ultimately contribute significantly to India’s quest for self-rule and independence. The changing British attitude signaled a shifting tide in the dynamics between the INC and the British Empire, setting the stage for the challenging period that lay ahead.

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS :-

Write a note on foundation of the Indian National Congress
Discuss the Aims and Objectives of the Indian National Congress
Examine the British attitude towards the Indian National Congress

Important Note for Students:- These questions are crucial for your preparation, offering insights into exam patterns. Yet, remember to explore beyond for a comprehensive understanding.

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