Population
Hey Mumbai University SYBA IDOL students! Today, we’re diving into the fascinating world of Human Geography , continue exploring the chapter – “Population“.
We’ll start by looking at important terms of population. Understanding these key terms will help us grasp the basics of population studies.
Next, we’ll define population. This will give us a clear idea of what we mean when we talk about population in a geographical context.
We’ll then explore the concept of population explosion. This term refers to a rapid increase in population, and we’ll discuss what it means and why it happens.
Following that, we’ll examine the reasons for the growth of population. There are various factors that contribute to population growth, and we’ll look at these in detail.
Finally, we’ll discuss the population policy of India. India has specific policies aimed at managing its population, and we’ll learn about these strategies and their objectives.
So, SYBA IDOL Mumbai University students, get ready to unwrap the mysteries of “Population” with customized IDOL notes just for you. Let’s jump into this exploration together.
True and false:-
a) Birth rates and death (or mortality) rates are the two major statistical instruments for studying the population trend – True
b) Birth rate is number of live births per 1000 population in a particular year- True
c) Fertility rate of a population is the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her life time- True
d) The strictness of international migration laws and population are directly proportional to each other – False
e) Promote early marriage for girls – False
Fill in the blanks :-
- The word population has been derived from the Latin populus .
- Birth rates and death rates are the two major statistical instruments for studying the population trend.
- India has the second largest population in the world after China
- The UNDP estimates that India loses dollar 1 billion a year because of the emigration of computer experts to the U.S.
- High fertility rate is due to unmet need for contraception.
Multiple choice question:-
a. Over population may lead to
i) high unemployment
ii) employment for everyone
iii) economic development
ANS- i) high unemployment
b. Sex ratio is
i) The number of females per 1000 males in a particular year.
ii) The number of females per 2000 males in a particular year.
iii) The number of females per 100 males in a particular year.
ANS- i) The number of females per 1000 males in a particular year.
c. According to United Nations projections the world population will be between 7.9 billion and 10.9 billion by
i) 2051
ii) 2060
iii) 2050
ANS- iii) 2050
Short answer question:-
Question 1:- What are the important terms of population?
Introduction:
In Human Geography, understanding population dynamics is essential for analyzing how humans interact with their environment. Key terms related to population help us understand these dynamics better. In this answer, we will explain important terms such as population, population density, birth rate, death rate, fertility rate, infant mortality rate, mortality, and distribution. These terms are crucial for grasping population trends and patterns.
Important Terms of Population:
- Population Population refers to the total number of people living in a specific area, such as a country, city, or region. For example, when we say the population of India is over 1.3 billion, we are talking about the total number of people living in the country.
- Population Density Population density measures how many people live in a particular area. It is calculated by dividing the total population by the total land area. For instance, if a city has a population of 1 million people and covers an area of 500 square kilometers, its population density would be 2000 people per square kilometer.
- Birth Rate The birth rate is the number of live births per 1000 people in a year. It helps us understand how quickly a population is growing. For example, if a country has a birth rate of 20, it means 20 babies are born for every 1000 people each year.
- Death Rate The death rate is the number of deaths per 1000 people in a year. It provides insight into the health and mortality conditions of a population. For example, a death rate of 8 means that 8 people die for every 1000 people in a year.
- Fertility Rate The fertility rate is the average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime. It is an important measure for understanding population growth. For example, a fertility rate of 2.1 is considered the replacement level, where the population size remains stable.
- Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) The infant mortality rate is the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1000 live births in a year. It is a critical indicator of the health and well-being of a population. For instance, an IMR of 30 means that 30 out of 1000 babies die before reaching their first birthday.
- Mortality Mortality refers to the number of deaths in a population. It helps in understanding the overall health status and life expectancy of a population. High mortality rates may indicate poor health conditions or lack of medical facilities.
- Distribution Distribution describes how people are spread across a particular area. Various factors like natural resources, climate, and geography influence population distribution. For example, areas with fertile land and water sources often have higher population densities.
Conclusion:
Understanding these important terms of population—population, population density, birth rate, death rate, fertility rate, infant mortality rate, mortality, and distribution—is crucial for analyzing and interpreting population data. These terms provide a foundation for studying population dynamics, which is essential for planning, development, and resource management. By grasping these concepts, we can better understand the factors that influence population trends and address the challenges related to population growth and distribution.
Question 2 :- Define population
Population is defined as the total number of persons inhabiting a particular area, such as a country, city, or any defined region. It encompasses all individuals living in that specified location at a given time
Question 3 :- What is population explosion?
Population explosion refers to the rapid and dramatic increase in the world population that has occurred over the last few hundred years. Specifically, it describes the significant growth in population numbers, particularly noted between 1959 and 2000, when the global population surged from 2.5 billion to 6.1 billion people.
According to United Nations projections, the world population is expected to reach between 7.9 billion and 10.9 billion by 2050. Most of this growth is currently taking place in developing countries, where the rates of natural increase are much higher than in industrialized nations. Concerns about overpopulation have led some countries to adopt population control policies, as the rapid increase can strain resources and impact economic development
Question 4 :- What are the reasons for growth of population?
Introduction:
The rapid growth of population, especially in countries like India, is a significant issue with various causes. Understanding these causes helps in formulating effective policies to manage population growth. This answer will discuss the main reasons behind the population growth in India, focusing on factors like the large reproductive-age population, high fertility rates, high infant mortality rates, child marriage, poor literacy rates, and improvements in medical facilities.
Reasons for Population Growth:
- Large Size of the Population in the Reproductive Age Group: A significant part of the population in India falls within the reproductive age group. This naturally leads to a higher number of births as many people are at the age where they are likely to have children.
- Higher Fertility Rates: High fertility rates in India are often due to unmet needs for contraception and a lack of access to family planning services. Many couples may have more children to ensure that some survive to adulthood, especially in regions where child mortality is high.
- High Infant Mortality Rate (IMR): High IMR leads families to have more children, as parents may believe that having additional children compensates for those that may not survive. This practice increases the overall birth rate.
- Child Marriage/Early Marriage: Many girls in India marry before the legal age of 18. Early marriages result in early and frequent pregnancies, contributing to higher birth rates. This cultural practice significantly impacts population growth.
- Poor Literacy Rates: Low levels of education and literacy can hinder awareness and acceptance of family planning methods. Educated individuals are more likely to understand and use contraception, leading to smaller family sizes. Poor literacy rates, therefore, contribute to larger families.
- Improvements in Medical Facilities: Advances in healthcare have reduced death rates, particularly infant and maternal mortality rates. Better medical facilities mean more individuals survive to adulthood and beyond, contributing to overall population growth.
Conclusion:
The growth of population in India is influenced by various factors, including the large reproductive-age population, high fertility rates, high infant mortality rates, early marriages, poor literacy rates, and improvements in medical facilities. Addressing these issues requires comprehensive policies that focus on education, healthcare, and access to family planning services. By understanding and tackling these causes, India can better manage its population growth and work towards sustainable development.
Question 5 :- What is the population policy of India?
Introduction:
India’s population policy is designed to tackle the challenges of rapid population growth. This policy aims to create a balanced approach to population management that supports sustainable development. In this answer, we will discuss the key aspects of India’s population policy, focusing on population stabilization, improving health services, education and awareness, empowerment of women, government coordination, and long-term goals.
Key Aspects of India’s Population Policy:
- Population Stabilization: The primary goal of the policy is to stabilize the population by promoting family planning and reproductive health services. It encourages a balanced approach to population growth to ensure that resources are sufficient for sustainable development. The focus is on providing accessible and effective family planning methods to help control the population size.
- Improving Health Services: A major aspect of the policy is improving healthcare infrastructure, especially in rural areas. This includes reducing infant and maternal mortality rates by making reproductive health services more accessible and affordable. Better healthcare services ensure that fewer children and mothers die during childbirth, which can lead to smaller family sizes over time.
- Education and Awareness: Increasing literacy and education levels, particularly among women, is crucial for population control. The policy aims to spread awareness about the benefits of family planning, contraception, and smaller family norms. Educated individuals are more likely to understand and utilize family planning methods, leading to reduced birth rates.
- Empowerment of Women: Empowering women is a key element of the policy. This includes encouraging women’s participation in the workforce and in decision-making processes. When women are empowered, they are more likely to make informed decisions about their reproductive health, which can help in controlling the population growth.
- Government Coordination: Effective population control requires coordination among various stakeholders, including government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and community groups. The policy emphasizes the need for collaboration to implement population control measures effectively. This coordinated effort ensures that all aspects of the policy are addressed comprehensively.
- Long-term Goals: The policy outlines several long-term demographic goals, such as reducing the total fertility rate and achieving a stable population. Addressing socio-economic factors that contribute to high birth rates, such as poverty and lack of education, is essential for achieving these goals. The policy aims to create a sustainable population growth rate that supports economic and social development.
Conclusion:
India’s population policy is a comprehensive approach to managing population growth sustainably. By focusing on population stabilization, improving health services, increasing education and awareness, empowering women, coordinating government efforts, and setting long-term goals, the policy aims to address the challenges of rapid population growth. Effective implementation of this policy will help ensure that India’s population growth is balanced and supports sustainable development.
Important Note for Students :– Hey everyone! All the questions in this chapter are super important