Emergence of Vijaynagar and Bahamani Kingdoms
Emergence of Vijaynagar and Bahamani Kingdoms “Hey Mumbai University TYBA IDOL students! Today, we’re diving into the medieval history of India in this chapter – “Emergence of Vijaynagar and Bahamani Kingdoms”. Our focus is on two kingdoms that shaped this era – Vijayanagar and Bahamani. We’ll start by chatting about who started Vijayanagar and why the Battle of Talikota was such a big deal. Then, we’ll switch gears to Bahamani, and meet the interesting Mahmud Gawan. As our journey continues, we’ll explore how Vijayanagar Kingdom rose and met its challenges. You’ll get to know the powerful Krishnadevaraya and find out what led to the fall of the empire. Moving on, we’ll discover the clash between Vijayanagar and Bahamani, meeting important people like Devaraya II and understanding the Battle of Talikota. But, it’s not all about battles – we’ll also explore what daily life was like. How did people eat? What was the king’s role? And, we’ll step into the beautiful Vitthalswami temple. Plus, we’ll take a peek into the society, economy, and culture of Vijayanagar Empire. It’s going to be an awesome ride into the past – simple, interesting, and perfect for everyone! So, Mumbai University TYBA IDOL students, get ready to learn about –”Emergence of Vijaynagar and Bahamani Kingdoms” with customized idol notes just for you. Let’s jump into this exploration together QUESTION 1:- Who were the founders of VIjaynagar kingdom? The founders of the Vijayanagar Empire were Harihara and Bukka. They belonged to the family of five brothers, all sons of Sangama – Harihara, Kampana, Bukka, Marappa, and Mudappa. QUESTION 2 :- Write a short note on the battle of Talikot. Introduction: The Battle of Talikota, occurring in 1565 CE, is a pivotal event in the history of the Vijayanagar Empire, which was a major power in South India for over two hundred years. This battle unfolded near Talikota village in present-day Karnataka and became a turning point that altered the course of the region’s history. Context of the Battle: The Battle of Talikota occurred in 1565 CE. It was a clash between the Vijayanagar Empire and the Deccan Sultanates, forming a confederacy against Vijayanagar. The battleground was near Talikota, situated in present-day Karnataka. Leaders and Forces: Rama Raya led the Vijayanagar army into the battle. The opposing forces comprised allied armies from the Deccan Sultanates. Outcome of the Battle: Unfortunately, the Vijayanagar forces faced defeat in the battle. The defeat resulted in the downfall of the Vijayanagar Empire, which had been a dominant power in South India for more than two centuries. Impact on Vijayanagar: The victorious Deccan Sultanates not only defeated Vijayanagar but also looted and destroyed its capital city, Vijayanagar. Consequences and Political Shifts: The Battle of Talikota marked the end of the Vijayanagar Empire’s rule in South India. The Deccan Sultanates divided the conquered territories among themselves, establishing independent kingdoms. This led to a period of political instability in South India. Cultural and Artistic Ramifications: The conflict had a profound impact on the cultural and artistic traditions of South India. Many temples and monuments of Vijayanagar were destroyed during the battle, leaving a lasting mark on the cultural landscape. Conclusion: The Battle of Talikota, fought in 1565 CE, was a decisive event that shaped the destiny of the Vijayanagar Empire. Led by Rama Raya, the Vijayanagar forces faced defeat at the hands of the allied Deccan Sultanates near Talikota. This defeat resulted in the collapse of the Vijayanagar Empire, once a dominant power in South India for centuries. The aftermath saw the victorious Deccan Sultanates looting and destroying the capital city of Vijayanagar, leading to a shift in political power and a period of instability in the region. Additionally, the cultural and artistic heritage of South India suffered, with many temples and monuments of Vijayanagar being destroyed during this conflict. The Battle of Talikota remains a pivotal moment in the historical narrative, symbolizing the fragility of empires and the enduring impact of significant conflicts on culture and politics. QUESTION 3 :- Who was the founder of Bahamani kingdom? The Bahamani kingdom was founded as a result of one of the revolts that broke up the Tughlaq Empire towards the close of the reign of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq. The founder of the Bahamani kingdom was Alauddin Hasan Bahaman Shah QUESTION 4 :- Comment on Mahmud Gawan Introduction: Mahmud Gawan, a key figure in the Bahamani kingdom, left an indelible mark on history. Born in 1411 in Gawan, Persia, he belonged to a noble lineage. His contributions to the Bahamani kingdom’s administration, especially during Muhammad Shah III’s reign, played a crucial role in the kingdom’s rise to power and prosperity. Early Life and Background: Mahmud Gawan was born in 1411 in Gawan, Persia, to a family with a long-standing noble history. His early life set the stage for a remarkable journey in the Bahamani kingdom. Role in Bahamani Kingdom: Mahmud Gawan emerged as a key figure during the reign of Muhammad Shah III. His influence extended over twenty-five years, during which the kingdom flourished under his guidance. Administrative Reforms: Gawan’s administrative reforms were instrumental in the kingdom’s success. He reorganized the army, improved revenue administration, and established a madrasa (learning academy) at Bidar. Versatile Scholar: Mahmud Gawan was not just an administrator but a versatile scholar. Proficient in mathematics, he was also a poet and prose writer. His contributions weren’t confined to politics; he supported education and helped the less fortunate. Downfall and Unjust Execution: Despite his significant contributions, Gawan’s rise to prominence sparked jealousy among other amirs. False accusations of treason led to his unjust execution in 1481, ordered by Sultan Muhammad Shah III. Conclusion: Mahmud Gawan’s journey from Persia to the Bahamani kingdom stands as a testament to his remarkable contributions. As an administrator, scholar, and philanthropist, he significantly shaped the kingdom’s destiny. Unfortunately, jealousy and conspiracies led to his untimely demise. Gawan’s unjust execution marked the
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